物流技术

在数智化浪潮重塑物流行业运行逻辑的背景下，物流企业加速推进数字化转型，但实践中“表智化”现象日益凸显，企业在信息披露中高调宣称数字化成果，但实际业务流程与运营效率提升却十分有限。本文基于合法性理论、信息层叠理论与声誉竞争理论，构建“同群模仿——合法性压力/同群行为趋同——表智化”的理论分析框架。基于2013—2023年中国A股物流产业链相关企业的面板数据，本文从“数字化披露”与“数字化实质应用”双维度构建“表智化”指数，采用空间杜宾模型检验数字化综合水平的行业与地区同群效应，并进一步识别同群模仿对“表智化”的影响及其传导机制。研究发现：（1）物流企业数字化综合水平存在显著的行业与地区同群效应，行业层面的溢出性更强；（2）同群模仿与“表智化”程度显著正相关，行业同群模仿具有持续性影响，地区同群模仿仅体现为短期效应；（3）合法性压力与同群行为趋同构成双重中介路径；（4）政府数字监管强度、公众数字化关注度与高管数字认知均可显著弱化上述关联；（5）民营及中小物流企业的“表智化”倾向更为突出。本文从群体行为视角揭示了企业数字化转型中“言行不一”现象的深层动因，为政府制定差异化的数字化监管政策、企业优化数字化战略路径以及行业防范“数字化泡沫”风险提供了理论依据与实证支撑。

In the context of digital and intelligent transformation reshaping the operational logic of the logistics industry, logistics enterprises are accelerating their digital transformation. However, the phenomenon of "performative digitalization" has become increasingly prominent in practice, whereby firms prominently publicize their digital transformation achievements while making only limited improvements in actual business processes and operational efficiency. Drawing on legitimacy theory, information cascade theory, and reputation competition theory, this paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework linking peer imitation, legitimacy pressure/peer behavior convergence, and performative digitalization. Using panel data of logistics-related enterprises in the Chinese A-share market from 2013 to 2023, this paper constructs a "performative digitalization" index from two dimensions: digital disclosure and substantive digital application. The Spatial Durbin Model is employed to test industry and regional peer effects of enterprises' overall digitalization level, and further to identify the impact of peer imitation on performative digitalization and its transmission mechanisms. The study finds that:(1) Significant industry and regional peer effects exist on the overall digitalization level of logistics enterprises, with stronger spillover effects at the industry level;(2) Peer imitation is significantly positively correlated with the degree of performative digitalization, where industry peer imitation has a persistent impact,while regional peer imitation only manifests as a short-term effect;(3) Legitimacy pressure and peer behavior convergence constitute dual mediating pathways;(4) Government digital regulatory intensity, public digital attention, and executive digital cognition can significantly weaken the aforementioned associations;(5) Private and small-and medium-sized logistics enterprises exhibit more pronounced tendencies toward performative digitalization. This paper reveals the deep-seated drivers of "deviation between words and actions" in enterprise digital transformation from the perspective of group behavior, providing theoretical basis and empirical support for the government to formulate differentiated digital regulatory policies, for enterprises to optimize digital strategic paths, and for the industry to guard against "digital bubble" risks.